Multiple impact breaker



June 1959 N. OZNOBICHINE MULTIPLE IMPACT BREAKER Filed July 22, 1965 FIG. 2.

FIG.4.

FIG.3.

United States Patent US. Cl. 241-89 18 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A multiple impact breaker in which a pair of impeller means rotatable in the same direction about horizontal axes are located one above the other in a housing and in which impact plates arranged in the housing cooperate with the impeller means in such a manner that the material to be crushed and impelled by the impeller means against the impact plates will rebound from the latter back to the respective impeller means so that the material will at least in part be passed several times between the respective impact plate and impeller means before being moved in circumferential direction of the impeller means.

The present invention relates to a multiple impact breaker for comminuting or crushing blocks of hard material, such as stones or the like, in which two impeller or rotor means act on the material.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a multiple impact breaker having two impeller means which are arranged in such a manner that the material to be crushed or comminuted is subjected to successive action by the two impeller means.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a multiple impact breaker of the aforementioned kind in which the elements of the impact breaker which are subjected to the greatest wear can be easily exchanged, if such an exchange becomes necessary.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an impact breaker of the aforementioned kind in which access to the impellers can be easily obtained without dismantling the impact breaker.

Finally, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a multiple impact breaker of the aforementioned kind which is composed of relatively few and simple parts so that the multiple impact breaker can be manufactured at reasonable cost and will stand up perfectly under extended use.

With these objects in view, the multiple impact breaker according to the present invention mainly comprises a housing having an inlet opening at an upper portion thereof for feeding material to be crushed into the housing, a pair of impeller means mounted in the housing rotatable about substantially parallel horizontal axes and in the same direction for crushing the material fed through the inlet opening into the housing, and in which one of the impeller means is located below the inlet opening so that the material fed therethrough will be impelled by the one impeller means in one direction where as the axis of the other impeller means is located at a lower elevation than the axis of the one impeller means and preferably in the direction at which the material is impelled by said one impeller means forwardly of the axis of said one impeller means. The impact breaker includes further impact means in the housing constructed and arranged with respect to the pair of impeller means in such a manner that the material impelled by the one impeller means is transmitted for further action to the other impeller means, and outlet means in the housing below the other impeller means for discharging the crushed material therefrom. The lower impeller means may be driven with the same or with a Patented June 3, 1969 greater peripheral speed than the upper impeller means.

The upper impeller means has preferably a plurality of striking blades rigidly mounted thereon, whereas the lower impeller means preferably has a plurality of striking blades which are tiltably mounted thereon.

The impact means preferably comprise a plurality of impact plates respectively located in the path of the material impelled by the impeller means and one of the impact plates which co-operates with the lower impeller means may be in the form of a grate permitting partly crushed material to pass therethrough so that the material passing through the grate will not be subjected to further crushing action by the lower impeller means.

The housing is in a preferred arrangement constructed as a two-part housing which has a main portion and a front portion pivotally connected to the main portion and movable with respect to the main portion between a closed position in which facing edges of the aforesaid portions abut against each other and an open position. In this arrangement the two impellers are turnably mounted in the main portion, whereas the impact means or impact plates are mounted on the front portion. This front portion may also have a removable portion on which the impact plate which is subjected to the greatest wear is mounted so that this impact plate may be easily removed, if exchange or repair thereof should become necessary.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of the multiple impact breaker according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line IIII of FIG. 1 and drawn to an enlarged scale;

FIG. 3 is a front View of the lower impeller;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through another embodiment of the lower impeller; and

FIG. 5 is a front view of the impeller shown in FIG. 4.

Referring now to the drawing, and more specifically to FIG. 1 of the same, it will be seen that the multiple impact breaker according to the present invention mainly comprises a housing 1 in which a pair of impeller means 2 and 3 are mounted respectively rotatable about substantially parallel horizontal axes x and y. The axes x and y of the two impeller means are located in a plane z-z which is inclined at an angle between 30 and to the horizontal. The two impeller means 2 and 3 are r0- tated by conventional means, not shown in the drawing, in the same direction as indicated by the arrows F, and the axis y of the lower impeller means'3 is located in direction of the rotation of the impeller means forwardly of the axis x of the upper impeller means 2.

The upper impeller means 2 has preferably a cylin drical rotor of relatively large diameter and mass and a plurality of striking blades 4 are arranged uniformly spaced from each other about the peripheral surface of the cylindrical rotor. The striking blades 4 are connected to the cylindrical rotor of the upper impeller means in a fixed manner by bolts or the like and the cylindrical rotor may also be formed with appropriate grooves extending in longitudinal direction thereof in which inner radial portions of the striking blades 4 may be respectively inserted.

the lower impeller means 3 preferably constructed in such a manner that the striking blades or striking hammers 9 mounted thereon may yield when striking the material to be crushed. For this purpose, the rotor of the impeller means 3 is formed from a plurality of plates 22 which are fixed spaced from each other in any well known manner to the shaft of the lower impeller means while the striking hammers or striking blades 9 are respectively pivotally mounted on pins 10 for turning about the axes of these pins. When the lower impeller means 3 is rotated at high speed about its axis the hammers 9 will extend in radial direction so that the radial outer ends thereof will protrude beyond the peripheral surface of the plates 22, whereas when the hammers 9 encounter during impact on the material to be crushed considerable resistance they may respectively turn about the pins 10. In the embodiment of the lower impeller means 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the hammers 9 may turn through 360 about the pins 10 on which they are mounted.

Another embodiment 3' for the lower impeller means is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In this case the hammers 9' have a substantially T-shaped configuration as best shown in FIG. 5 and the hammers 9' are likewise mounted at their inner ends thereof on pins 10 and these inner ends of the hammers extend between spaced plates 22 which are likewise fixed in any known manner to the shaft of the lower impeller means 3'. In this case the hammers 9 may turn only through an angle of about 90 to 120 as indicated in FIG. 4 until the bottom faces of the outer transverse portions of the T-shaped hammers 9' engage the peripheral surface of the plates 22. The arrangement of the lower impeller means 3' as shown in F165. 4 and 5 has the advantage over the embodiment of the lower impeller means shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 that the outer transverse portions of the hammers 9' will present a substantially uninterrupted striking surface over the whole length of the impeller means 3'.

It is however to be understood that the lower impeller means may also have rigidly mounted striking blades provided thereon in the same manner as the upper impeller means 2.

The multiple impact breaker according to the present invention includes further a plurality of impact means or impact plates arranged in the housing 1 and cooperating with the impellers 2 and 3 in such a manner that the material to be crushed and fed through the inlet opening 5 in the upper end of the housing 1 and impelled by the impellers 2 and 3 will rebound on the impact plates toward the impellers, and the material impelled by the upper impeller 2 will be transmitted to the lower impeller 3 for further comminuting action.

A pair of impact plates 6 and 6a cooperate with the upper impeller 2. The two impact plates 6 and 6a partly overlap each other and each has an upper edge spaced further than the lower edge from the peripheral-surface of the upper impeller 2. The lower edge of the impact plate 6a is located at a lower elevation than, and forwardly of, the lower edge of the impact plate 6. As shown in FIG. 1, the lower edge of the impact plate 6 is located substantially in a vertical plane passing through the axis x of the upper impeller 2, whereas the lower edge of the plate 6a faces an ascending portion of the lower impeller 3. Both plates are in the region of the upper edges thereof pivotally mounted in the housing 1 for tilting movement about substantially horizontal axes 7 and 7a, respectively. The plates 6 and 6a preferably have concavely curved inner faces directed toward the upper impeller 2. In order to hold the plates 6 and 6a at a desired inclination with respect to the peripheral surface of the upper rotor 2 and the lower edge of each plate at a desired distance from the peripheral surface of the rotor 2, a holding means in the form of a rod 8 is pivotally connected at one end thereof to the impact plate 6 at a location spaced from the pivot axis 7 thereof, and a corresponding holding means or rod 8a is pivotally connected at one end thereof to the plate 6a spaced from the pivot axis 7a thereof. The other ends of the rods 8 and 8a, which are threaded, extend through appropriate openings in the housing 1 to the outside thereof and nuts threadingly connected to the ends of the rods 8 and 8a projecting beyond the wall of the housing 1 abut against the outer surface of the housing wall to prevent thereby inward movement of the rods 8 and 8a, so that the lower edges of the plates 6 and 6a are held at a predetermined distance from the periphery of the upper impeller means 2, while the plates 6 and 6a may respectively pivot about their pivot axis toward the wall of the housing under the impact of material impelled thereagainst by the impeller means 2. It is, however, obvious from the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 that the impact plates 6 and 6a will tend to stay in the position as shown in FIG. 1 under the influence of gravity. The outer ends of the rods 8 and 8a preferably have also a counter or lock nut attached thereto to assure that the first-mentioned nuts are not loosened due to the shocks they are subjected to. It is evident that the position of the plates 6 and 6a may be adjusted by turning the nuts at the outer ends of the rods 8 and 8a in one or the other direction.

The arrangement includes, further, a third impact plate 11 which is located below the impact plate 6a and forwardly thereof and which co-operates with the lower impeller means 3. The impact plate 11 is likewise pivotally mounted in the region of the upper edge thereof tiltable about a substantially horizontal axis and the impact plate 11 is held in the position shown by means of a rod pivotally attached at one end thereof substantially to the center of the plate 11 and which carries at the other end thereof, projecting beyond the housing, a pair of nuts 50 as to hold the lower edge of impact plate 11 at a desired minimum distance from the periphery of the lower impeller means 3, while permitting the plate 11 to pivot about its pivot axis toward the wall of the housing 1 under the impact of material impelled thereagainst by the lower impeller means 3. The impact plate 11 is preferably in the form of a grate having openings which preferably increase in cross section from the inner concavely curved impact face of the impact plate 11 toward the opposite face thereof as best shown in FIG. 2.

The impact plates 6, 6a, and 11 are preferably symmetrically constructed so that after wear thereof they may be turned around to be pivoted along the other edge thereof.

The impact plates 6, 6a and 11 defines as seen in FIG. 1, with the peripheral surfaces of the impellers 2 and 3 separated working spaces in which the material will be forcibly thrown back and forth between impellers and plates to be crushed thereby.

The arrangement includes further a fourth impact plate 12 which has, as clearly shown in FIG. 1, a stepped impact face defining with the periphery of the lower rotor 3 a gradually narrowing gap. The fourth impact plate 12 is mounted on a pair of arms (only one being shown in the drawing) the upper ends of which are pivotally mounted at 13 in a casing 15, which is preferably removably connected to the front wall of the housing by screws or the like. By disconnecting the casing 15 from the remainder of the housing, the impact plate 12 which is subjected to relatively great wear can be easily removed from the housing for repair or replacement purposes. A rod 20 is pivotally connected at one end thereof to the impact plate 12 in the region of the lower end of the latter and the other end of the rod 20 projects through an appro priate opening to the outside of the housing 1 and carries at the outside thereof a nut threadingly attached thereto so that the minimum dihtance of the lower edge of the impact plate 12 from the periphery of the lower impeller 3 is established by the position of the nut on the outer end of the rod 20, while the impact plate 12 may pivot about its pivot axis 13 to increase the minimum distance between the lower edge of the plate 12 and the periphery of the impeller 3. A coil compression spring 14 abutting with one end thereof against an inner surface portion of the housing is located about a portion of the rod 20 and the other end of the coil spring 14 abuts against a fixed abutment 21 on rod 20 so that the coil compression spring 14 tends to move the lower edge of the impact plate 12 toward the periphery of the lower impeller 3 as far as the nut on the outer end of the rod 20 will permit. If unbreakable material passes through the gap between the inner surface of the impact plate 12 and the lower impeller 3, the coil spring 14 will be compressed and will permit yielding of the impact plate 12 in outward direction.

If wet or sticky material has to be comminuted in the multiple impact breaker of the present invention, the impact plate 11 is replaced by a plain and smooth impact plate which preferably carries at the outer surface thereof directed away from the impellers, heating means for heating the impact plate 11, and such heating means may also be provided on the impact plates 6 and 6a.

The housing 1 is preferably a two-part housing having a main portion fixedly mounted on a foundation and having a front edge as indicated by the dotted line 16 in FIG. 1 against which the rear edge of the front portion of the housing abuts, which is pivotally connected at 17 to the main portion movable between a closed position, as shown in FIG. 1, and an open position. A jack 18 which may be a fluid operated jack is pivotally connected at the lower end thereof to the main portion of the housing and at the upper end thereof to the front portion of the housing so that by extending the jack 18 the front portion of the housing may be moved from the closed to the open position. The impeller means 2 and 3 are turnably mounted in the main portion of the housing whereas the impact plates 6, 6a, 11 and 12 are carried by the front portion of the housing.

The operation of the multiple impact breaker above described will be obvious from the above description. During operation of the multiple impact breaker the impeller means 2 and 3 are rotated at high speed in the same direction as indicated by the arrows F about their axes, whereby the lower impeller 3 may be rotated with the same or with a greater peripheral speed than the upper impeller 2. Blocks of material to be cominutedor crushed in the multiple impact breaker are then fed through the inlet opening 5 into the breaker and the material dropping on the upper impeller means 2 will be engaged by the striking blades 4 thereon and be impelled against the impact plates 6 and 6a. Under the force of the impact on these plates the material will be partly crushed and rebound at least in part onto the upper impeller 2, which during further rotation will cause the material to be partly impelled against the third impact plate 11 and partly against the lower impeller 3. The lower impeller 3 will impel the material against the impact plate 11 and the material crushed to a size smaller than the openings in the grate-shaped impact plate 11 will pass through these openings, as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1, and drop rearwardly of the lower impact plate 12 to the outside of the housing 1 through the outlet opening 19 at the bottom of the housing. The remainder of the material will pass through the gap between the stepped face of the impact plate 12 and the periphery of the lower impeller means 3 to be therein subjected to further crushing action by the elements 9 pivotally carried by the rotor 3. During passage of unbreakable material through the aforementioned gap the elements 9 on the rotor 3, which are held due to centrifugal action in substantial radial direction, may pivot and/ or the impact plate 12 may also yield against the action of the compression spring 14 to thus avoid jamming of the apparatus. The crushed material passing through the gap between plate 12 and impeller 3 likewise leaves the housing 1 through the outlet opening 19.

Experience has shown that with the multiple impact breaker according to the present invention it is possible to produce crushed particles which have a size approximately A of the size of the blocks fed into the apparatus.

. and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A multiple impact breaker comprising, in combination, a housing having an inlet opening in an upper portion thereof for feeding material to be crushed into said housing; a pair of impeller means mounted in said housing rotatable about substantially parallel horizontal axes and in the same direction for crushing the material fed through said inlet opening into said housing, one of said impeller means being located below said inlet opening so that the material fed therethrough will be impelled by said one impeller means in one direction, the axis of the other impeller means being located at a lower elevation than the axis of said one impeller means; impact means in said housing constructed and arranged with respect to said pair of impeller means in such a manner that the material impelled by said one impeller means is transmitted for further action to said other impeller means, said impact means comprising a plurality of im pact plates which are offset relative to one another and each of which has a leading edge located at a lower elevation and closer to the axis of the respective impeller means than the trailing edge thereof, at least one of said impact plates being arranged so that the material impelled by said one impeller means will rebound from said one impact plate in part on said one impeller means before being transmitted to said other impeller means; and outlet means in said housing below said other impact means for discharging the crushed material therefrom.

2. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 16, wherein the axis of said other impeller means is located in direction of rotation of said impeller means forwardly of the axis of said one impeller means.

3. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 2, wherein said parallel horizontal axes are located in a plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 30-45".

4. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 1, and including drive means operatively connected to said pair of impeller means for driving the same with the same peripheral speed.

5. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 1, and including drive means operatively connected to said pair of impeller means for driving said other impeller means with a peripheral speed greater than that of said one impeller means.

6. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 2, wherein said one impeller means has a plurality of rigidly mounted striking blades and said other impeller means has a plurality of tiltably mounted striking blades.

7. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 6, wherein said striking blades of said other impeller means are tilt-able through an angle of -180".

'8. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 6, wherein said striking blades of said other impeller means are constructed and mounted on said other impeller means so as to form each a continuous line of impact along the whole length of said other impeller means.

9. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 6, wherein one of said impact plates is in the form of a grate arranged spaced from a wall portion of said housing at least in part above said lower impeller means so that material already crushed to a certain degree may pass through said grate and through the space between said wall portion of said housing and said grate.

10. A multiple impact breaker comprising, in combination, a housing having an inlet opening in an upper portion thereof for feeding material to be crushed into said housing; an upper impeller located in said housing below said inlet opening and rot-atable about a horizontal axis, said upper impeller having a plurality of striking blades rigidly mounted thereon so that the material fed through said inlet opening will be impelled by said blades in one direction; a lower impeller in said housing rota-table in the same direction as said upper impeller about a horizontal axis located in said one direction forwardly of and at an elevation below the axis of said upper impeller, said lower impeller having a plurality of striking blades yieldably mounted thereon; a pair of impact plates having each a concavely curved impact face facing said upper impeller, said pair of impact plates partly overlapping each other and each having an upper edge spaced further than the lower edge thereof from the peripheral surface of said upper impeller, the lower edge of one of said pair of impact plates being located at a lower elevation than and in said one direction forwardly of the lower edge of the other of said pair of impact plates; a third impact plate formed with a plurality of closely spaced openings therethrough, said third impact plate being arranged spaced from a wall portion of said housing at least in part above said lower impeller and in the path of material impelled by said lower impeller so that material already crushed to a certain degree may pass through said openings in said third impact plate and through the space between said wall portion of said housing and said third impact plate; a fourth impact plate located below said third impact plate and having a staggered impact face facing the peripheral surface of said lower impeller and forming with said peripheral surface a gap gradually narrowing from the upper toward the lower edge of said impact face, each of said impact plates being mounted in the region of its upper edge thereof in said housing pivotable about a substantially horizontal axis; a plurality of holding means respective- 'ly connected to said impact plates for holding the lower edge of each plate a predetermined distance from the periphery of the respective impeller while permitting said lower edge to move away from the respective impeller under the impact of material impelled against the respective plate; and outlet means in said housing below said lower impeller for discharging the crushed material.

11. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 10 and including resilient means operatively connected to said fourth impact plate and biased to yieldably maintain the lower edge thereof at said predetermined distance from the periphery of said lower impeller, said resilient means adapted to yield when material of a dimension greater than the smallest cross-section of said gap is driven by said lower impeller through said gap.

12. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 10, wherein said fourth impact plate is mounted on a wall portion of said housing removably connected to the remainder of said housing so that said fourth impact plate may be removed from said housing by disconnecting said wall portion from the remainder of said housing.

13. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 9, wherein said housing has a main portion and a front portion pivotally connected to said main portion and movable with respect to said main portion between a closed position in which facing edges of said portions abut against each other and an open position, said impellers being turnably mounted in said main portion and said impact means being mounted on said front portion.

14. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 13 and including moving means operatively connected to said housing portions for moving the same between said open and said closed position.

15. A multiple impact breaker as set forth in claim 10, wherein said openings in said third impact plate gradually increase in cross-section from said impact face toward the face opposite the impact face.

16. A multiple impact breaker comprising, in combination, a housing having an inlet opening for feeding material to be crushed into said housing; a pair of impeller means mounted in said housing rotatable about substantially parallel horizontal axes and in the same direction, one of said impeller means being located below said inlet opening so that the material fed therethrough will be impelled by said one impeller means in said direction and the axis of the other impeller means being located at a lower elevation than that of said one impeller means; and a plurality of spaced impact plates in said housing, a first one of which is located adjacent said inlet opening, said plates being arranged with respect to said impeller means in such a manner that the material impelled by said impeller means will be thrown against said impact plates and so that said impeller plates define with peripheral surfaces of said impeller means at least three separated working spaces following each other in said direction, each of said impact plates having a bottom edge at a lower elevation than a top edge thereof and the bottom edge of said one impact plate being arranged substantially in a vertical plane passing through the axis of said one impeller means, whereas the bottom edge of the plate following said one plate faces an ascending portion of said other impeller means.

17. A multiple impact breaker as defined in claim 16, wherein said spaces taper toward said bottom edges of said plates. 1

18. A multiple impact breaker as defined in claim 17, wherein said plates having concavely curved surfaces facing peripheral surfaces of said impeller means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,644,644 7/1953 West 241-186 1,472,609 10/ 1923 Martin 241-154 2,411,302 11/1946 Stine 241-154 2,665,074 1/ 1954 Kessler 241-187 2,891,734 6/9159 Andreas 241-189 2,977,055 3/ 1961 Fawcett 241-189 3,058,676 10/1962 Hermann 241-191 3,083,921 4/1963 Daryluke 241-154 3,224,688 12/1965 Beiter 241-154 WILLIAM S. LAWSON, Primary Examiner.

US. Cl. X.R. 241-189, 191 

